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LEDs are all around us and have always been since the 60s. They were initially used as indicators of electronic devices' operation. They started being widely used by replacing very low power incandescent bulb lights. All kinds of colors and wavelengths started being massively manufactured in large quantities starting at UV (ultra violet) spectrum (λ<400nm), violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red and infrared (λ>760nm). All except white light were widely used in lots of applications. White light, though, even if it was possible to produce by combining the three basic colors (blue, green & red), came later by using a phosphor material to turn monochromatic light from blue or UV LEDs to the white light as we know it!

Nowadays LEDs are beyond the expectations of those who started this idea. There is a fast growing tendency of using these semiconductor devices as super efficient replacements for the old and power hungry incandescent / filament lights. Furthermore they are used to replace more kinds of light sources, with remarkable power saving performance. These lights sources range from very low power 1W up to hundrends or even a few thousands Watts and include all kinds of lights such as Filament, Halogen, Mercury, Sodium (High & Low pressure), Metal Halide and others. LEDs power varies from a few mW reaching up to a few hundreds Watts! Depending on the application's demands, series of several LEDs may be used to reach the high power range of several hundreds Watts of even KWatts! LEDs operate on low DC voltages ranging from a few volts up to a few tenths of volts. Thus, they need some kind of adapter so that they can be used by pluging them in our AC outlets of 240 VAC or 110 VAC. Due to the boost of the design efficiency of these adapters, very low losses are introduced in the adapter operation, thus making LEDs usage more efficient than ever!

The main advantage of LEDs is that their light intensity product is by far more than other light sources, such as the ones mentioned above, reaching efficacy levels of 150Lm per watt! That makes them ideal for any lighting application where less energy consumption is a must. Instead of LEDs' operation, filament lamps, that were introduced in our world as the first electric light producing sources, are using a filament that is heated forcing electricity to pass through it. That produces light which is actually a very power demanding application. The less the resistance of the filament, the more the heat, the more the electricity consumption. All that, constructed in a glass bulb that contains no atmospheric air, thus no oxygen which otherwise would destroy the filament and leave us in darkness! More efficient light sources that contained special gases were introduced later that had actually better efficacy and efficiency. Fluorescent, Halogen, Sodium and Mercury lights are only a few of them. These lights were indeed less power consuming than the common Filament light bulbs but were still a long way far from being the most efficient light source. Except being power inefficient light sources, these lights were, in some cases, a threat to human health if they were mishandled by the person that would install them. Some of them were pressurized as high as 300 Atmospheres (Xenon)! Others would emit UV radiation, beyond safe limits, thus increasing the risk of skin burn after a prolonged exposure at a short radius. Besides all these unfortunate features, all kinds of non-LED based lights are extremely hot when operating for hours. Fluorescent are usually the ones that their temperature can be, even hardly, tolerated while others can reach up to dangerous levels that can cause skin burn if handled carelessly without any precautions.

• Savings vary from 50% up to 90%
• Wide color temperature range starting at 3000K (Warm white) up to 6000K-7000K (Cold white) or even higher
• Efficacy than can reach, depending on the application, a tru value of 140Lm/W or more
• Very good Color Rendering Index (CRI) >75
• Mercury free (RoHs compatible)
• UV free emission
• No external components are necessary like coils, PFC capacitors etc
• Ability to integrate high PF (Power Factor) power supplies >0.9
• No maintenance is required
• Minimal thermal losses eliminate black spots
• Exceptional lifespan from 40KHrs up to 100KHrs depending on the construction quality standards
• Preservance of the color temperature for over 80% of their lifespan
• Preservance of 70% of their initial light intensity at 50KHrs
• Immediate initiation of their operation with maximum light intensity
• Lifespan-unaffected by frequent switching on and off
• Pay back periods vary from a few months up to several years, depending on the hrs of operation
• Vibration proof